練功如何選擇老師 How to choose a good teacher

常常聼說選擇老師是要明師，而非名師。但是如何判斷是明師呢? 功力很好、很有名氣、很多學生、招式很多、收費昂貴、不收錢等項目五花八門，要如何下決定呢? 四個原則：
•因材施教
•有教無類
•依循漸進
•接班人的培養

• 因材施教

瑜珈宗師 Krishnamachrya， 101 歲 教了幾位瑜珈大師如下：
》他的兒子 Desikachar
》Indra Devi ，103 歲，5、60年代將瑜珈介紹給西方與好萊瑦
》Iyengar ，94 歲，Iyengar瑜珈創始者
》Pattabhi Jois ，94歲，Ashtanga yoga創始者
而且這幾位學生們的瑜珈風格都不相似。 Iyengar瑜珈以位置的精準聞名，而Jois的Ashtanga瑜珈以強勁有力的動作聞名。故可瞭解宗師的教學因材施教，依據學生不同的體質，體力而教授不同的內容與技巧。

• 有教無類

中國武術宗師孫祿堂的繼承人其女兒，孫劍雪大師，她教學生的原則是有教無類，不因贩夫走卒、髙官貴人，一視同仁，而有所不同。有些國內門派，対髙官名門，派資深學員到家𥚃，專門指導。是為宣傳謀利或為附會高攀？大家心知肚明。

• 依循漸進

另外，対於難度髙的動作，不止只知道如何示範而己，更應該瞭解將其分為數個諧段，教導學生逐歩去達成。

• 接班人的培養

一種功法教派的傳承是否能長遠，接班的培養相當重要。西方甚至有説法，一個公司是否會健全，視其CEO上台的第二天是否有開始培養接班人。有些國內的練功團體，掌門人到過逝時，都沒有指定好接班人。同門師兄弟各自擁衆稱王，因此門派四分五裂，實力曰衰，相當可惜。掌門人是不可能長生不老的，接班人的選擇可測知掌門人的智慧。孫劍雲女士選擇孫式太極拳的接班人，孫永田(與孫家沒有血源関係)，值得得參考。非自己同族者、非功力最高者，而是最有機會擴展孫式太極拳者。

老師選擇學生固然重要，學生選擇老師亦不能忽視。

You should select a good Master rather than a famous Master.  But how do you judge the skills of a good Master? So many factors can be considered: excellence in their practice, level of fame, number of students, and teaching fee just to name a few. Your selection should be based on the following four principles:  “Customization of teaching”, “Attitude towards students of varying levels”,  “Progressive teaching style”, and “Training successors”

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•     Customization of teaching

Yoga guru Krishnamachrya taught four famous students:

>>His son Desikachar

•       >>Indra Devi (lived to 103). In the 1960’s, she introduced yoga to the West, including many Hollywood stars

•        >>Iyengar (lived to 94), founder of Iyengar Yoga

•       >>Pattabhi Jois (lived to 94),  founder of Ashtanga Yoga

Those students did not practice similar styles of Yoga. Iyengar Yoga, known for its precise alignment, and Jois’ Ashtanga yoga, known for its physically demanding flow, are both well known. Therefore, it is very important to understand whether the master customizes student teaching according to students' different physical and mental abilities.

•         Same attitude towards students, regardless of status

Sun Jian snow master,heir to Chinese martial arts master Sun Lutang, taught students of all levels and backgrounds with the same attitude. Whether you were a fruit seller or an important government official, she did not discriminate and treated them all the same. Some domestic martial arts groups send senior students to high ranking homes for special guidance. Is it to promote profit or fawn or Propaganda or Profit?  The facts are well known by everyone, and there is no need to explain further.

•         Progressive teaching style

In addition, for the high difficulty postures, the master should not only know how to demonstrate, but should teach in gradual segments to allow students to achieve success.

•       Training successors

The endurance of a martial arts party depends on the training of the master’s successor. There’s a Western saying that a successful company’s leader will cultivate a successor from day one. There are instances where the heads of Taiwanese martial arts parties did not appoint a successor and this resulted in power struggles between the senior students. Oftentimes the students fractured into their own groups and diminished the power/influence of the original party. Everyone dies, so you can tell the wisdom of a leader from the appointment of their successor.

Teacher’s select their students, but students also select their teachers.